Images Of Undescended Testicles

Undescended testicles, also known as cryptorchidism, is a condition where one or both testicles have not moved down into the scrotum by the time a baby boy is born. This condition is relatively common, affecting approximately 3% of full-term baby boys and up to 30% of premature baby boys. Understanding the visual aspects and implications of undescended testicles can help in early detection and management.

Normal Development

Normally, the testicles develop inside the abdomen and move down into the scrotum during the last months of fetal development. This process usually completes by the 28th to 35th week of gestation. However, in some cases, the testicle does not complete this journey and remains in the abdomen or becomes stuck partway down the path, leading to undescended testicles.

Visual Identification

Visually identifying undescended testicles can be straightforward in some cases but may require a medical examination in others.

• Empty Scrotum: The most apparent sign is an empty scrotum on the affected side. In newborns, the scrotum may be small and not fully developed, which can make it harder to assess.
• Inguinal Mass: Sometimes, an undescended testicle can be felt as a mass in the groin area (inguinal canal) rather than in the scrotum.
• Non-palpable Testes: In some cases, the undescended testicle cannot be felt, either because it is too high in the abdomen or because it is not developed properly (atrophic).

Imaging and Diagnosis

While a physical examination by a healthcare provider is the first step in diagnosing undescended testicles, imaging studies are not typically used for diagnosis. However, in cases where the testicle is not palpable, ultrasound or other imaging techniques might be considered, though their use is controversial and not standard.

Management and Treatment

The management of undescended testicles depends on the age of the child and the location of the testicle.

• Observation: For infants, observation for the first few months is common, as some undescended testicles will spontaneously descend.
• Surgery (Orchiopexy): If the testicle does not descend by 6 to 9 months of age, surgical intervention (orchiopexy) is recommended. This procedure aims to bring the testicle down into the scrotum, preserving its function and reducing the risk of future complications such as testicular cancer and infertility.

Complications

Untreated undescended testicles can lead to several complications, including:

• Infertility: Undescended testicles are associated with reduced fertility due to impaired sperm development.
• Testicular Cancer: There is an increased risk of testicular cancer, though the overall risk remains low.
• Testicular Torsion: Undescended testicles are at higher risk of torsion, a condition where the testicle twists, cutting off its blood supply.
• Psychological Effects: Boys with untreated undescended testicles may experience psychological effects related to body image and self-esteem as they grow older.

Conclusion

Early detection and management of undescended testicles are crucial for minimizing potential complications. Parents should discuss any concerns about their child’s testicles with their pediatrician, who can provide a thorough examination and recommendations for treatment if necessary.

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